% BAASAR.STY -- BAAS report (tech note) substyle definition for LaTeX.

% My convention for identifying configuration information is for styles
% to define the five parameters below.

\def\revtex@ver{1.4}		% Version number of this file.
\def\revtex@date{17 May 95}	% Revision date.
\def\revtex@org{AAS}		% Sponsoring organization.
\def\revtex@jnl{BAAS}		% Applicable journal, if specific.
\def\revtex@genre{report}	% Document "type".

% Display identifying message on screen and in logfile.

\typeout{\revtex@org\space \revtex@genre\space substyle,
    v\revtex@ver\space <\revtex@date>.}

% The following mini-colophon identifies the article are having been
% prepared with this macro package.  The \revtex@pageid command only
% defines the formatting of this colophon; its existence and placement
% within the printed article is controlled by the use of this command
% in the style file.

\def\revtex@pageid{\xdef\@thefnmark{\null}
    \@footnotetext{This \revtex@genre\space was prepared with the
		   \revtex@jnl\space report macros v\revtex@ver.}}

% Issue a warning if manuscripts are formatted with type smaller than 12pt.

\def\genre@MS{manuscript}
\def\genre@PP{preprint}
\ifx\revtex@genre\genre@MS
  \ifnum\@ptsize<2
    \typeout{Warning: Undersize \revtex@genre\space font (1\@ptsize\space pts).
	Using 12pt documentstyle option.}
    \@input{art12.sty}
  \fi
\fi

%  ****************************************
%  *            PAGE LAYOUT               *
%  ****************************************

% Create "plaintop" page style that has folios at top of page.

\def\ps@plaintop{\let\@mkboth\@gobbletwo
    \def\@oddfoot{}\def\@oddhead{\rm\hfil--\space\thepage\space--\hfil}
    \def\@evenfoot{}\let\@evenhead\@oddhead}

% Create "tnheadings" page style that contains the tech note title.

\def\thetnnumber{\revtex@org\space Technical Note%
    \ifx\@tnnumber\@empty\else\space\@tnnumber\fi}

\if@twoside
    \def\ps@tnheadings{\def\@oddfoot{}\def\@evenfoot{}
	\def\@evenhead{\small\sl Page \thepage \hss\@tntitle}
	\def\@oddhead{\small\sl\thetnnumber\hss Page \thepage}
	\def\chaptermark##1{\markboth {{\ifnum \c@secnumdepth>\m@ne
	    \@chapapp\ \thechapter. \ \fi ##1}}{}}
	\def\sectionmark##1{\markright {{\ifnum \c@secnumdepth >\z@
	    \thesection. \ \fi ##1}}}}
\else \def\ps@tnheadings{\def\@oddfoot{}\def\@evenfoot{}
	\def\@oddhead{\shortstack{\hbox to\textwidth{\small\sl\thetnnumber
	    \hfill\today}\\
	    \hbox to\textwidth{\small\sl\@tntitle \hss Page \thepage}}}
	\def\chaptermark##1{\markright {{\ifnum \c@secnumdepth>\m@ne
	    \@chapapp\ \thechapter. \ \fi ##1}}}}
\fi

\def\ps@tntitle{\def\@oddhead{\small\sl\thetnnumber\hss\today}
    \def\@evenhead{\small\sl\today\hss\thetnnumber}
    \def\@oddfoot{}\def\@evenfoot{}
    \def\chaptermark##1{}\def\sectionmark##1{}}

%\@input{times.sty}
\@input{art10.sty}

%\ps@tnheadings                       % Use "tnheadings" pagestyle by default.
\ps@plain
%\pretolerance=10000		     % Disable hyphenation

% The following gives "reasonable" ragged right results.

%\@rightskip=\z@ plus 4em\rightskip\@rightskip

% Page size, spacing parameters, etc.

\textwidth=7.1in
\textheight=59pc
\topmargin=0in
\headheight=0in
\headsep=0in
\oddsidemargin=0in
\evensidemargin=0in
\parindent=1.7em
\parskip=0ex

\columnsep=0.35in
\leftmargini=\parindent

\hoffset=-0.2in		% To compensate for wide \textwidth
\voffset=-0.4in		% To compensate for tall \textheight
\tolerance=600		% 3x "normal" value; cuts down on overfull complaints

% Subtract glue, etc. for the page heads so that running heads wind up in
% top 1-inch margin, i.e., so that the text starts at (1,1+\topmargin).
% Note that most DVI translators cannot tell where the UL corner of the
% *text* is; the LaTeX running heads are part of the page as far as such
% translators are concerned.  If the \head* parameters are changed in the
% document or any other macros, this calculation should be redone.

\newdimen\paper@height \paper@height=11in

\def\resetvoffset{\@tempdima\textheight
    \advance\@tempdima by \headheight
    \advance\@tempdima by \headsep
    \advance\@tempdima by \topmargin
    \@tempdimb\paper@height
    \advance\@tempdimb by -\@tempdima
    \@tempdima=2in
    \advance\@tempdima by -\@tempdimb
    \advance\@tempdima by -\headheight
    \advance\@tempdima by -\headsep
    \voffset=.5\@tempdima
    \typeout{\string\voffset\space set to \the\voffset}}

%\resetvoffset

%\@input{styopts.sty}

%  ****************************************
%  *           STYLE OPTIONS              *
%  ****************************************

\def\emphasize#1{{\sl#1\/}}

% Make footnotes same size as main text.

%\let\footnotesize=\normalsize

% Define parameters to adjust the baselineskip.
% These are passed as the scale factor argument to \baselinestretch.

\def\@tightleading{1.0}
\def\@doubleleading{1.6}

% Double-space by default.  Observe that you double-space in LaTeX by
% resetting \baselinestretch, which is essentially a scale factor for
% \baselineskip (= leading, for you typographophiles).  The style uses
% the \@doubleleading factor, defined above.

\def\baselinestretch{\@tightleading}

% The \tighten command merely resets the \baselinestretch to a
% smaller factor, resulting in single-column text that is more closely
% spaced.  (This will always work.)  Tightening the vertical spacing
% in the text results in output that is more attractive for distribution
% to colleagues who are primarily interested in reading the paper, as
% opposed to copy editing it.  Double-spaced output for referees and
% copy editors is, however, the main objective of this style, hence
% double-spacing occurs by default.  The same effect as \tighten
% can be achieved by using the "tighten" document style option.
%
%    \tighten
%
% \tighten is intended for use in the preamble of the article.

\def\tighten{\def\baselinestretch{\@tightleading}}
\let\tightenlines=\tighten

% For authors who feel compelled to change between single and double
% spacing in the manuscript, \singlespace and \doublespace commands
% are provided.  (Following recommendations of AAS Publications Board
% Subcommittee on Preprints.)  These are no-ops in manuscript style.
%
%    \singlespace
%    \doublespace

\let\singlespace=\relax
\let\doublespace=\relax

% Upper case for sections (optional upper case items).  These are created
% so that some headings can be toggled between mixed case and upper case
% readily.  Headings that might be changed can be wrapped in the style
% file in \sec@upcase{TEXT} constructs; the expansion of \sec@upcase is
% controlled here.  It is `\relax' by default (mixed case heads), and can
% easily be changed to `\uppercase' if desired.  If mixed case headings
% are wanted by the editor, authors MUST supply mixed case text, although
% this is what authors should be doing anyway.  (Mixed can be converted
% to upper, but the reverse transformation cannot be automated.)

%\def\sec@upcase#1{\uppercase{#1}}
\def\sec@upcase#1{\relax{#1}}

% Sometimes people want to number equations by section, rather than
% sequentially through the whole paper.

\def\eqsecnum{
    \@newctr{equation}[section]
    \def\theequation{\hbox{\normalsize\arabic{section}-\arabic{equation}}}}

%\@input{slug.sty}

%  ****************************************
%  *              SLUG LINE               *
%  ****************************************

% There are some obvious style-dependent parameters and formatting
% instructions in this file.  The object has been to keep the author
% commands (the user interface, if you will) society, journal, and
% style-independent, while the style-specific parameters and commands
% are kept below that level.  Commands and parameters that are susceptible
% to external interpretation, either by authors or publishers/translators,
% are identified by indented comment lines, with the semantics of command
% arguments described in upper case text.
%
%    \@journalname{JOURNAL NAME}
%    \cpr@holder{COPYRIGHT HOLDER}

\def\@journalname{The Astropolitical Journal}
\def\cpr@holder{American Astronomical Society}

% Technical notes may be identified by some tag.  Normally this would
% be a number in a series, hence the internal command is \@tnnumber.
%
%    \technote{ID}

\def\technote#1{\gdef\@tnnumber{#1}} \technote{}

% Journal and article identification information is established by the
% editorial staff.  The following macros are used by personnel at the
% editorial office to annotate/record slug-line data and should be included
% in the manuscript preamble, i.e., before the LaTeX \begin{document}.  All
% they do is globally define other TeX control sequences that are used by
% other macros at a later time.
%
%    \received{RECEIPT DATE}
%    \revised{REVISION DATE}
%    \accepted{ACCEPTANCE DATE}
%    \journalid{VOL}{JOURNAL DATE}
%    \articleid{START PAGE}{END PAGE}
%    \paperid{ID}
%    \ccc{CODE}
%
% For preprints and submitted manuscripts in draft/referee format, etc.,
% the slug-line information is irrelevant and in those kinds of style,
% the data are never used.  In my estimation, it is perfectly acceptable
% to have these commands in the file (for future use), so they are defined
% in the usual way.

\def\received#1{\gdef\@recvdate{#1}} \received{\relax}
\def\revised#1{\gdef\@revisedate{#1}} \revised{\relax}
\def\accepted#1{\gdef\@accptdate{#1}} \accepted{\relax}
\def\journalid#1#2{\gdef\@jourvol{#1}\gdef\@jourdate{#2}}
\def\articleid#1#2{\gdef\@startpage{#1}\gdef\@finishpage{#2}}
\def\paperid#1{\gdef\@paperid{#1}} \paperid{MS-0001-SAMP}
\def\ccc#1{\gdef\CCC@code{#1}} \ccc{000-00\$75.95-CDB}

% Following copyright and running heads \defs are stubs.
%\let\cpright=\@gobbletwo
%\let\righthead=\@gobble
%\let\lefthead=\@gobble

% Copyright data.  Permit the author/editor to supply a copyright
% "type" as well as the year.
%
%    \cpright{TYPE}{YEAR}
%
% Copyright types are designated by name and converted to numeric form.
% The mapping of types is defined by the code that sets the @cprtype
% counter.  The language of the copyright notices is defined by \@slug.

\def\cpright#1#2{\@nameuse{cpr@#1} \gdef\cpr@year{#2}
    \typeout{`#1' copyright \cpr@year.}}

\newcount\@cprtype \@cprtype=\@ne	% Default copyright type.
\def\cpr@AAS{\@cprtype=1}
\def\cpr@PD{\@cprtype=2}
\def\cpr@Crown{\@cprtype=3}
\def\cpr@none{\@cprtype=4}
\def\cpr@ASP{\@cprtype=5}

\def\cpr@year{\number\year}		% Default copyright year.

% \@slug determines formatting of slugline information.
% ATTN: Check with AAS/AIP/UCP about exact wording of these.

\def\@slug{\par\noindent
    \ifcase\@cprtype
	\relax
    \or
	Copyright \cpr@year\space by the \cpr@holder.
    \or
	This article is in the public domain.
    \or
	Crown copyright \cpr@year\space by the \cpr@holder.
    \or
	No copyright is claimed for this article.
    \or
	Copyright \cpr@year\space by the ASP.
    \fi
    \par\noindent
    Manuscript number \@paperid.\par\noindent
    \CCC@code
}

% Authors may be asked to supply running head information.  We use the
% language of the publisher here to distinguish between two pieces of
% information: the left head frequently contains an author list (last
% names, possibly truncated as et al.), while the right head frequently
% contains an abbreviated form of the paper title.  The \lefthead and
% \righthead commands merely collect the information and buffer the text.
%
%    \lefthead{TEXT}
%    \righthead{TEXT}
%
% For the ApJ, right heads are the short titles, and the publisher would
% like for the author to specify a 44-character or less abbreviated title
% to use as the running head on right pages.

\def\lefthead#1{\gdef\@versohead{#1}} \lefthead{\relax}
\def\righthead#1{\gdef\@rectohead{#1}} \righthead{\relax}

% \@runheads determines formatting of running head information.

\def\@runheads{\@tempcnta\c@page
  \@whilenum \@tempcnta >0\do{
    \vskip 3ex
    \hbox to30pc{\small\expandafter\uppercase\expandafter{\@versohead}:
	\expandafter\uppercase\expandafter{\@rectohead}\hfil}
    \advance\@tempcnta by\m@ne}
}

% The \slugcomment command is provided so authors or editors may include
% a remark about the manuscript that may be desired in print for some
% styles.  For instance, authors like to include information about the
% journal and publication date of accepted papers ("To appear in AJ,
% November 1992").
%
%    \slugcomment{TEXT}
%
% The formatting of the \slugcomment information is controlled by the
% \@makeslugcmmnt command and its placement on the page is dictated
% by the presence of \@makeslugcmmnt in \sluginfo (or whatever).

\def\slugcomment#1{\gdef\slug@comment{#1}} \slugcomment{}

% For MS style, slug comments are set in a parbox after the dates.
% Short comments are centered.

\newdimen\@slugcmmntwidth \@slugcmmntwidth \textwidth
\long\def\@makeslugcmmnt{\ifx\slug@comment\@empty\relax\else
    \vskip 5ex
    \setbox\@tempboxa\hbox{\slug@comment}
    \ifdim \wd\@tempboxa >\@slugcmmntwidth
        \hbox to\textwidth{\hss
	    \parbox\@slugcmmntwidth\slug@comment}
    \else
        \hbox to\textwidth{\hfil\box\@tempboxa\hfil}
    \fi
\fi}

% Editorial offices like to have receipt and acceptance dates on the front
% page for tracking purposes.  The current practice is to require the author
% to type Received __________________ and Accepted ________________ lines
% for the staff to type on.  The \@dates command will typeset either rules
% or the dates specified in \received and/or \accepted commands.  Note that
% authors should not include \received and \accepted.

\def\@rcvaccrule{\vrule\@width1.75in\@height0.5pt\@depth\z@}

% \@dates determines formatting of MS date information.

\def\@dates{{Received}\space%
    \if\@recvdate\relax\@rcvaccrule\else\@recvdate\fi;%
    \hspace{1.5em}{accepted}\space%
    \if\@accptdate\relax\@rcvaccrule\else\@accptdate\fi%
}

% The \sluginfo command is executed automatically when a \begin{abstract} is
% encountered, so it is not necessary (or appropriate) for the author to
% include this line explicitly.  The received/accepted business is a
% concern only for the editorial staff, hence we have arranged for the
% author not to have to fuss with it.

\def\sluginfo{{\center
    \@dates
    \@makeslugcmmnt
    %\@slug
    %\@runheads
    \endcenter}}

\let\dates=\sluginfo	% Backwards compatibility

%\@input{text.sty}

%  ****************************************
%  *            FRONT MATTER              *
%  ****************************************

% Make adjustments to LaTeX abstract command to eject front matter before
% typesetting the abstract.

\let\ltx@abstract\abstract
\def\abstract{\spewfrontmatter\gdef\spewfrontmatter{}\ltx@abstract}

% Title and author identification is by way of standard LaTeX commands
% \title and \author, although the macros themselves are rather different.
% The information is typeset by these macros in this style, rather than
% being buffered as per regular LaTeX.  The authors' principal affiliation
% is specified with a separate macro \affil.  Each \author command should
% be followed by its own \affil (or address).
%
% NOTE: \altaffil(mark|text) are not supported for BAAS reports.
% CB, 5/17/95
%
% Authors often have affiliations above and beyond their main employer,
% and these are specified with the \altaffilmark and \altaffiltext commands.
% These commands behave like the \footnotemark and \footnotetext commands
% of LaTeX.  \altaffilmark is appended to author's names in the \author
% lists, and generates the superscript identification numbers.
% The text for the individual alternate affiliations is generated by the
% \altaffiltext command.  It is up to the author to make sure that the
% \altaffilmark numbers attached to authors' names correspond to the correct
% alternate affiliation.
%
%     \title{LUCID TEXT}
%     \author{NAME(S)}
%     \authoraddr{AUTHOR'S POSTAL ADDRESS}
%     \affil{AFFILIATION}
%     \altaffilmark{TAG NUMBER(S)}
%     \altaffiltext{NUMERICAL TAG}{TEXT}
%
% The typesetting performed by these commands is appropriate for the top of
% the first text page of the manuscript.  They could as well be used on a
% title cover page, but vertical placement would have to be controlled by
% the author.   This is not to be encouraged, since I want to discourage
% the introduction of any extra horizontal or vertical space.

\def\tableofcontents{%\section*{Contents\@mkboth{CONTENTS}{CONTENTS}}
    \@starttoc{toc}
    \smallskip
    \noindent\rule[6pt]{\textwidth}{.8pt}
}

\def\l@section{\@dottedtocline{1}{\z@}{1.5em}}

% \frontmatterfrac is the fraction of \textwidth that the front matter
% is supposed to be set to.  This applies to wide measure material set
% above and straddling a two-column page.
%
% The two different front matter styles/contents are managed by having
% the \title and \institution commands define \spewfrontmatter differently.
%
% The front matter is automatically ejected by the abstract environment
% or by the first section heading.  If neither of these ir present before
% the text starts, the author will have to insert \maketitle.

\def\frontmatterfrac{.80}
\def\spewfrontmatter{\twocolumn}
\def\maketitle{\spewfrontmatter\gdef\spewfrontmatter{}}

\def\title#1{\gdef\@title{#1}
    \gdef\spewfrontmatter{\twocolumn[\swreport@heading]}} \def\@title{}
\def\author#1{\@temptokena=\expandafter{\@authafflist}
    \xdef\@authafflist{\the\@temptokena\vskip1.0ex{#1}}}
\def\affil#1{\@temptokena=\expandafter{\@authafflist}
    \xdef\@authafflist{\the\@temptokena\vskip0.5ex{\noexpand\it#1}}}
\let\authoraddr=\@gobble

%\def\altaffilmark#1{$^{#1}$}
%\def\altaffiltext#1#2{\footnotetext[#1]{#2}\stepcounter{footnote}}

%\let\altaffilmark=\@gobble
%\let\altaffiltext=\@gobbletwo

% Cute idea, but it blows the parameter stack out of the water (big surprise).
%\def\altaffiltext#1#2{\@temptokena=\expandafter{\@altaffillist}
%    \begingroup \csname c@\@mpfn\endcsname #1\relax
%	\xdef\@thefnmark{\thempfn}\endgroup
%    \xdef\@altaffillist{\the\@temptokena\@footnotetext{#2}}
%    \stepcounter{footnote}}

\def\@authafflist{}
\def\@altaffillist{}

\def\swreport@heading{\hbox to\textwidth{\hfil
    \parbox{\frontmatterfrac\textwidth}{\centering\large{\bf\@title}\\
    \vskip 1ex
    \@authafflist
    \vskip 7ex}
    \hfil}
}

% Redefine the LaTeX \and command for this style.

\def\and{\vspace*{-0.5ex}{\topsep\z@\center and\endcenter}}

% Here we add some items for BAAS annual (observatory) reports.
% These are additional so that they do not conflict with the front
% matter elements of the software reports.  Technically, one could
% argue that this should engender separate style files, but these
% are the only different elements, and the page designs are otherwise
% identical. Therefore, we choose not to be anal about this.
%
% The title block on an annual report consists of three elements:
% the institution name, the department, and the location of the
% research facility.  The \institution name is required; the
% \department name and \location are optional.
%
% The author(s) of the report list their names anywhere in the
% document (at the front of the file would be nice), but the names
% are formatted at the end of the report.  \rptauthor names cannot
% be multiline.
%
%    \institution{NAME}
%    \department{NAME}
%    \location{PLACE}
%
%    \rptauthor{PLACE}

\def\institution#1{\gdef\rpt@inst{#1}
    \gdef\spewfrontmatter{\twocolumn[\annreport@heading]}} \def\rpt@inst{}
\def\department#1{\gdef\rpt@dept{#1}} \def\rpt@dept{}
\def\location#1{\gdef\rpt@loc{#1}} \def\rpt@loc{}
\def\rptauthor#1{\@temptokena=\expandafter{\@rptauthlist}
    \xdef\@rptauthlist{\the\@temptokena\hbox to\columnwidth{\hfil#1}
    \par\vskip 0.6ex}}

\def\@rptauthlist{}

\def\annreport@heading{\hbox to\textwidth{\hfil
    \parbox{\frontmatterfrac\textwidth}{\centering\large{\bf\rpt@inst}
    \vskip 1ex
    \ifx\@empty\rpt@dept\relax\else
        {\bf\rpt@dept}
        \vskip 1ex
    \fi
    \ifx\@empty\rpt@loc\relax\else
        {\it\rpt@loc}
        \vskip 1ex
    \fi
    \vskip 6ex}
    \hfil}
}

\let\ltx@enddoc=\enddocument
\def\enddocument{\vskip 2ex\@rptauthlist\ltx@enddoc}

%  ****************************************
%  *             KEYWORDS                 *
%  ****************************************

% Keywords environment.  Keywords, subject headings, etc., are accommodated
% only as a piece of text; the \keywords command indents if necessary and
% supplies the proper leading text ("Keywords:", "Subject headings:", etc.)
% but does not apply formatting to the user's keyword text.  The author
% must supply the correct punctuation according to the journal style.
%
% Note that the editors of A&A, ApJ, and MNRAS have discussed the issue
% of keywords, and there is disagreement about whether "subject headings"
% or "keywords" should appear after abstracts in astronomical papers.
% It does not really matter what the macro is called, so I will stick
% to \keywords since I don't know what the difference is anyway.

% Do not print out keywords.

\def\@keywordtext{Subject headings}
\def\@keyworddelim{---}

\let\keywords=\@gobble
\let\subjectheadings=\keywords

% It might be possible to handle keywords and their punctuation more
% automatically at some stage, but at the moment using this looping
% construct is serious overkill.  It also causes problems because the
% loop delimiter is a comma, and there are keywords that legitimately
% contain commas.  It also seem ponderous to me for keywords in the
% \keyword list to be delimited by `|', so I make the author responsible
% for keyword list punctuation.

%\def\@kwds#1{\def\@kwddlm{}\@for\@kwd:=#1\do
%      {\@kwddlm\def\@kwddlm{\space\@keyworddelim\penalty\@m\space}{\@kwd}}}

\def\@kwds#1{#1\relax}

%  ****************************************
%  *             FOOTNOTES                *
%  ****************************************

% The following code redefines a few things so that spacing in footnotes is
% different than LaTeX defaults.  The adjustment to \skip\footins increases
% the amount of vspace inserted before the \footnoterule.  Redefine
% \@makefntext to get proper indentation.

\skip\footins 4ex plus 1ex minus .5ex
\footnotesep 3ex

%\long\def\@makefntext#1{\noindent\hbox to\z@{\hss$^{\@thefnmark}$}#1}
%\long\def\@makefntext#1{\indent\hbox{$^{\@thefnmark}$}#1}

%  ****************************************
%  *             SECTIONS                 *
%  ****************************************

% \@startsection {NAME}{LEVEL}{INDENT}{BEFORESKIP}{AFTERSKIP}{STYLE}
%            optional * [ALTHEADING]{HEADING}
%    Generic command to start a section.
%    NAME       : e.g., 'subsection'
%    LEVEL      : a number, denoting depth of section -- e.g., chapter=1,
%                 section = 2, etc.
%    INDENT     : Indentation of heading from left margin
%    BEFORESKIP : Absolute value = skip to leave above the heading.
%                 If negative, then paragraph indent of text following
%                 heading is suppressed.
%    AFTERSKIP  : if positive, then skip to leave below heading, else
%                 negative of skip to leave to right of run-in heading.
%    STYLE      : commands to set style
%  If '*' missing, then increments the counter.  If it is present, then
%  there should be no [ALTHEADING] argument.

% Adjust section heading typography slightly.  The manuscript editors
% seem to like the idea that the heads will be centered, and that there
% will be a "." trailing the section number.  This requires hacking below
% the normal LaTeX programming interface (\@startsection), since the
% centering has to be turned on and off again before the section starts.
%
% Also, modify the indentation behavior so that ALL paragraphs, including
% those first after section heads, are indented.  This is consonant with
% the styles of many journals, although it's non-standard typographic practice.

\setcounter{secnumdepth}{4}

\newif\if@firstsection \@firstsectiontrue

\def\section{\if@firstsection\spewfrontmatter\gdef\spewfrontmatter{}
    \@firstsectionfalse\fi
    \@startsection {section}{1}{\z@}
    {1.8ex plus .5ex}{1ex plus .2ex}{\normalsize\bf}}
\def\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}
    {1.8ex plus .5ex}{1ex plus .2ex}{\normalsize\bf}}
\def\subsubsection{\@startsection{subsubsection}{3}{\z@}  % For numbered
    {1.8ex plus .5ex}{1ex plus .2ex}{\normalsize\it}}     % subsubsections
%\def\subsubsection{\@startsection{subsubsection}{3}{\z@}
%    {-2.2ex plus -1ex minus -.2ex}{-1.2em}{\normalsize\it}}
\def\paragraph{\@startsection{paragraph}{4}{\z@}
    {1.8ex plus .5ex}{-1em}{\normalsize\it}}

% For ApJ, acknowledgments are set off from main body text simply by
% vertical space (no heading or type size change).  I do the same for
% the AAS manuscript style.  For use in producing more polished output
% for other journals, this macro might generate text saying
% "Acknowledg[e]ments".

\def\acknowledgments{\vskip 3ex plus .8ex minus .4ex}
\let\acknowledgements=\acknowledgments			% second spelling

%  ****************************************
%  *          EQUATION NUMBERING          *
%  ****************************************

% Redefine \appendix so that equation numbers are prepended with 
% \theappendix number.  Reset equation counter so that equation
% numbers in the appendix begin again with 1.  Note that the
% \appendix command is NOT a sectioning command; it is merely
% a delimiting markup between the main body of the paper and the
% appendix.  Sections in the appendix are still started with
% \section commands.
%
%    \appendix

\def\appendix{\par
  \setcounter{section}{0}
  \setcounter{subsection}{0}
  \setcounter{equation}{0}
  \def\thesection{\Alph{section}.}
  \def\theequation{\hbox{\normalsize\Alph{section}\arabic{equation}}}}

% Define mathletters environment.  This is a wrapper that goes
% *around* (outside of) equation or eqnarray environments.
%
%    \begin{mathletters}
%    \end{mathletters}

\newcounter{cureqno}

\newenvironment{mathletters}{\refstepcounter{equation}%
    \setcounter{cureqno}{\value{equation}}%
    \let\@curtheeqn\theequation%
    \edef\cur@eqn{\csname theequation\endcsname}%
    \def\theequation{\cur@eqn\alph{equation}}%
    \setcounter{equation}{0}}%
    {\let\theequation\@curtheeqn%
    \setcounter{equation}{\value{cureqno}}}

% The \eqnum command allows the author to override all automatic
% equation marking schemes.
%
%    \eqnum{TEXT}

\def\eqnum#1{\def\theequation{#1}\let\@currentlabel\theequation
    \addtocounter{equation}{\m@ne}}

%  ****************************************
%  *          BIBLIOGRAPHY                *
%  ****************************************

% Bibliography/references environment.  For the time being, I don't think
% it would be a good idea to force an implementation based on BibTeX,
% although I'll prepare for that eventuality by using the constructs and
% general ideas of the LaTeX thebibliography environment.  Adjustments
% have been made so that the \cite-\bibitem mechanism can be used to cite
% references symbolically while maintaining proper citation syntax within
% the paper; the author must create the citation label for each reference
% in proper journal format in the \bibitem command.
%
%    \begin{thebibliography}
%    \bibitem[LABEL]{TEXTTAG} \reference <bibliographic data>
%    \end{thebibliography}
%
% where LABEL must adhere to the journal's standards, e.g. "Abt 1986".
%
% It is not necessary to use the thebibliography environment.  This style
% defines a references environment that simply sets off the list of references
% and adjusts spacing parameters.  It is not possible to use \bibitems
% within the references environment.  (The \reference command cannot be
% shortened to \ref; \ref is used in vanilla LaTeX for cross-referencing.)
%
%    \begin{references}
%    \reference <bibliographic data>
%    \end{references}
%
%    \markcite{TEXT}
%
% Observe that the bibliographic data supplied by the author must also
% conform to the standards of the journal.  I have elected not to burden
% authors with tedious LaTeX commands which would require many curly braces
% to delimit the bibliographic fields because many of the journals I have
% targeted in this project have agreed to reduce typographic overhead (bolding,
% italicizing, etc.) in reference lists.  (See Abt's editorial in ApJ 357.)
% It is the responsibility of the author to get these fields in the proper
% order with the correct punctuation; the information will be typeset as is,
% i.e., in roman with no size or style changes.
%
% Macros are provided for many of the oft-referenced journals so that authors
% may use the LaTeX names rather than having to look up a particular journal's
% specific abbreviation.  In principle, all the journals should be using the
% same abbreviations, too, but I anticipate some changes in the specific
% abbreviations before a set is finally settled on.  As long as these macros
% are kept up to date, authors need not be concerned about such editorial
% changes.
%
% Corresponding with the non-BibTeX references environment and \reference
% command for the reference list is the \markcite command.  This can be
% used to identify in-text citations; in this case, the author provides
% the actual citation text as opposed to the symbolic tag.  The use of
% this is encouraged, even for journals where no special formatting of
% citation call-outs is required; it is crucial for the future use of
% on-line browsers.

\def\publications{\subsection*{PUBLICATIONS}
    \bgroup\parindent=\z@\parskip=\itemsep
    \def\refpar{\par\hangindent=1.5em\hangafter=1}}
\def\endpublications{\refpar\egroup}

\def\references{\subsection*{REFERENCES}
    \bgroup\parindent=\z@\parskip=\itemsep
    \def\refpar{\par\hangindent=1.5em\hangafter=1}}
\def\endreferences{\refpar\egroup}

\def\thebibliography{\subsection*{REFERENCES}
    \list{\null}{\leftmargin 1.5em\labelwidth\z@\labelsep\z@\itemindent -1.5em
    \usecounter{enumi}}
    \def\refpar{\relax}
    \def\newblock{\hskip .11em plus .33em minus .07em}
    \sloppy\clubpenalty4000\widowpenalty4000
    \sfcode`\.=1000\relax}
\def\endthebibliography{\endlist}

\def\@biblabel#1{\relax}
%\def\@cite#1#2{({#1\if@tempswa , #2\fi})}
\def\@cite#1#2{#1\if@tempswa , #2\fi}

\def\reference{\relax\refpar}  % Generic: might be better...
\def\markcite#1{#1\relax}

% Modify \@citex so that individual citation texts are NOT hboxed.
% This allows TeX to break lines at spaces between words in citations.
% Remove the obnoxious {\bf ?} that was inserted in the text when
% undefined citations are encountered; here, the warning message is
% printed only on the terminal.

\def\@citex[#1]#2{\if@filesw\immediate\write\@auxout{\string\citation{#2}}\fi
  \def\@citea{}\@cite{\@for\@citeb:=#2\do
    {\@citea\def\@citea{,\penalty\@m\ }\@ifundefined
       {b@\@citeb}{\@warning
       {Citation `\@citeb' on page \thepage \space undefined}}%
{\csname b@\@citeb\endcsname}}}{#1}}

%\@input{mstblfig.sty}

%  ****************************************
%  *         TABLES AND FIGURES           *
%  ****************************************

% Additions and adjustments for tables and figures.

% Footnotes for tables are to be identified with lower case alphabetics,
% rather than numeric.  \tablenotemark and \tablenotetext commands are
% provided analogous to \footnotemark and \footnotetext, but with the
% identifier *required*, like \altaffilmark and \altaffiltext.  The
% \tablenotetext must be specified before the \end{table}, since
% \end{table} displays it.
%
%     \tablenotemark{TAG LETTER(S)}
%     \tablenotetext{ALPHA TAG}{TEXT}
%
% Note that TAG LETTER == ALPHA TAG for corresponding text.  It is the
% responsibility of the author to get the correspondence correct.
%
% The table footnotes are coupled to the table in which they occur, rather
% than being associated with a particular page, and they are printed with
% the table (relatively close to the caption) instead of appearing at the
% extreme bottom of the page.  This is done to ensure that the notes wind
% up on the same page as the table, since tables are floats and can migrate
% from one page to another.  There is the additional benefit that the notes
% are unambiguously attached to the proper table, which is what is required
% in the event that the editorial requirement of one table only per page
% is ever changed to permit several tables per page.
%
% Footnotes are NOT supported for figures.

\def\tablenotemark#1{\rlap{$^{\rm #1}$}}

% The \tablenotetext command buffers the table note text and the "proper"
% tablenote formatting information in a token buffer.  The tablenotes are
% dispensed into the vertical page list by \spew@tblnotes, which is
% executed by \end{table}.  Note that certain "global" tablenote formatting
% details are handled by \spew@tblnotes, which also clears the tblnote list.
% Praise and honor are due to Kresten Krab Thorup (krab@iesd.auc.dk) for
% posting ftn.sty to the Usenet, from which I drew the technique.

\newtoks\@temptokenb
\def\tblnote@list{}

\def\tablenotetext#1#2{
    \@temptokena={\vspace{.5ex}{\noindent\llap{$^{#1}$}#2}\par}
    \@temptokenb=\expandafter{\tblnote@list}
    \xdef\tblnote@list{\the\@temptokenb\the\@temptokena}}

\def\spew@tblnotes{
  \ifx\tblnote@list\@empty\relax
  \else
    \vspace{4.5ex}
    \footnoterule
    \vspace{.5ex}
    {\footnotesize\tblnote@list}
    \gdef\tblnote@list{}
  \fi}

\def\endtable{\spew@tblnotes\end@float}
\@namedef{endtable*}{\spew@tblnotes\end@dblfloat}

% Add a \tableline command for use in tabular environments.  This command
% produces the horizontal rule(s) between the column headings and the body
% of the table.  Authors are discouraged from using any \hlines themselves,
% and are typically forbidden from using vertical rules by editors.

\let\tableline=\hline

% \@makecaption determines formatting for figure and table captions.  
% For manuscripts, all captions should be set as flushleft paragraphs.

\long\def\@makecaption#1#2{\vskip 2ex\noindent #1 #2\par}

% The \tablenum command allows the author to override all automatic
% table marking schemes.
%
%    \tablenum{TEXT}

\def\tablenum#1{\def\thetable{#1}\let\@currentlabel\thetable
    \addtocounter{table}{\m@ne}}

% The \figurenum command allows the author to override all automatic
% figure marking schemes.
%
%    \figurenum{TEXT}

\def\figurenum#1{\def\thefigure{#1}\let\@currentlabel\thefigure
    \addtocounter{figure}{\m@ne}}

% Redefine \@arrayparboxrestore so that parboxes in tabulars are always
% ragged right.
 
\def\@arrayparboxrestore{\let\par\@@par
    \let\-\@dischyph \let\'\@acci \let\`\@accii \let\=\@acciii \parindent\z@
    \parskip\z@ \everypar{}\linewidth\hsize \@totalleftmargin\z@
    \leftskip\z@ \rightskip\@flushglue \@rightskip\@flushglue
    \parfillskip\@flushglue \lineskip\normallineskip
    \baselineskip\normalbaselineskip\sloppy}


%  ****************************************
%  *           PLANO TABLES               *
%  ****************************************

% Plano tables are camera-ready pages that are included in a typeset
% article the same way as line drawings, graphs, and other camera-ready
% art, i.e., as "planographic" figures.  There are desirable properties
% for a formatter to have that are somewhat above and beyond LaTeX'x
% tabular environment that would facilitate the creation of such tables.
% Among these are breaking long tables across pages, using footnotes
% in a table, specifying comments and references for tables, etc.
%
% What follows was inspired by supertab.sty by Theo Jurriens, 1988.

% Commands for identifying table elements in a consistent way.  Observe
% that the formatting is embedded in the macro definitions so that the
% author doesn't need to be concerned about stylistic nuances.
%
%    \tablecaption{TEXT}
%    \tablehead{TEXT}
%    \colhead{HEADING}
%    \tabletail{TEXT}
%    \tablewidth{DIMEN}
%    \tableheadfrac{NUM}

\newbox\pt@box
\newdimen\pt@width
\newcount\pt@line
\newcount\pt@nlines
\newcount\pt@ncol

\def\colhead#1{\omit\hidewidth{#1}\hidewidth\global\advance\pt@ncol by\@ne}
\def\tablecaption#1{\gdef\pt@caption{#1}} \def\pt@caption{\relax}
\def\tablehead#1{\gdef\pt@head{\hline\hline\relax\\[-1.7ex]
    #1\hskip\tabcolsep\\[.7ex]\hline\relax\\[-1.5ex]}} \def\pt@head{\relax}
\def\tabletail#1{\gdef\pt@tail{#1}} \def\pt@tail{\relax}
\def\tablewidth#1{\pt@width=#1} \pt@width\textwidth
\def\tableheadfrac#1{\gdef\pt@headfrac{#1}} \def\pt@headfrac{.1}

% Calculate the number of tabular rows that will fit in the body of the
% table.  The height of the table body and the number of lines are
% calculated thus:
%
%     bodyheight = \textheight * (1 - \pt@headfrac)
%     \pt@nlines = bodyheight / (\arraystretch * \baselineskip)
%
% The row height can be seen to be valid algebraically if one examines the
% definitions for \strutbox, \@setstrut, and \@array.  I could eliminate
% this calculation, as well as its attendant parameters, if it were possible
% to determine the accumulated height of the \halign box as TeX goes along.

\def\pt@calcnlines{\@tempdima\pt@headfrac\textheight
    \@tempdimb\textheight\advance\@tempdimb by-\@tempdima
    \@tempdima\arraystretch\baselineskip
    \divide\@tempdimb by\@tempdima
    \global\pt@nlines\@tempdimb}

% Define \pt@tabular, a ripoff of \@tabular but with \leavevmode removed
% so tabular box can be set with \setbox.  I do this so that table notes
% can be set to natural width of table, if desired.  Also, set \@acol
% to \@ptabacol, which is called when building the preamble for the
% \halign (assuming the first column format specification is "l", which
% it should be for ApJ tables) so that \tabskip within the table is set
% to \fill.  This permits us to toggle between natural and fixed-width
% tables without requiring the user to change markup.  Note that by
% forcing \tabskip always to be \fill, I pretty well nullify any
% @{\hspace} commands the user puts in the template, but this environment
% is for people who don't want to think about that sort of stuff anyway.

\def\pt@tabular{\hbox \bgroup $\let\@acol\@ptabacol 
   \let\@classz\@tabclassz
   \let\@classiv\@tabclassiv \let\\\@tabularcr\@tabarray}

\def\@ptabacol{\edef\@preamble{\@preamble \hskip \tabcolsep\tabskip\fill}}

% Permit different identifying strings, one for the first page of the
% table and one for continuation pages.  LaTeX's \fnum@table is set to
% one or the other automatically in the environment.  Note that caption
% handling is not so graceful: you have to edit inside the big macros to
% adjust this.  Someday, I will be ambitious enough to fix this.

\def\fnum@ptable{Table \thetable}
\def\fnum@ptablecont{Table \thetable---{\rm Continued}}

\def\set@mkcaption{\long\def\@makecaption##1##2{
    \center\rm##1.\quad##2\endcenter\vskip 2.5ex}}
\def\set@mkcaptioncont{\long\def\@makecaption##1##2{
    \center\rm##1\endcenter\vskip 2.5ex}}

\newenvironment{planotable}[1]{\def\pt@format{\string#1}%
    \set@tblnotetext\pt@ncol=0}%
    {\crcr\noalign{\vskip .7ex}\hline\endtabular%
    \pt@width\wd\pt@box\box\pt@box\spew@ptblnotes%
    \typeout{Table \thetable\space has been set to width \the\pt@width}%
    \endcenter\end@float}

\def\startdata{\pt@line=0\pt@calcnlines%
    \ifdim\pt@width>\z@\def\@halignto{to \pt@width}\else\def\@halignto{}\fi%
    \let\fnum@table=\fnum@ptable\set@mkcaption%
    \@float{table}\center\caption{\pt@caption}\leavevmode%
    \setbox\pt@box=\pt@tabular{\pt@format}\pt@head}

% A kludgey kind of line delimiter is needed so that the line counter
% can be checked prior to adding the line to the alignment box.  This
% is bad because this form does not permit the addition of vertical
% space using the [.5ex] construct; this has to be done with an explicit
% \vskip.  And a disgusting \noalign is required, so I have to create
% another silly piece of markup to accomplish this conveniently.
%
% What is desired, of course, is for this line count checking to take
% place within the syntax of the regular LaTeX \\ command.  I have been
% giving myself apoplexy trying to figure this out for the last 36 hours,
% and I have decided I will have to wait for the onset of my "lucid
% period" for a solution.  In the meantime...

\def\pt@nl{\global\advance\pt@line by\@ne%
  \ifnum\pt@line=\pt@nlines%
    \endtabular\box\pt@box
    \endcenter\end@float\clearpage%
    \addtocounter{table}{\m@ne}%
    \let\fnum@table=\fnum@ptablecont\set@mkcaptioncont%
    \@float{table}\center\caption{\pt@caption}\leavevmode%
    \global\pt@ncol=0%
    \setbox\pt@box=\pt@tabular{\pt@format}\pt@head%
    \global\pt@line=0%
  \else\\
  \fi}

% Author markup commands for planotable environment line breaks.
%
%    \nl == \nextline
%    \tablevspace{DIMEN}
%    \tablebreak

\let\nl=\pt@nl
\let\nextline=\pt@nl

\def\tablevspace#1{\noalign{\vskip{#1}}}
\def\tablebreak{\pt@line\pt@nlines\advance\pt@line by\m@ne\pt@nl}

% We have some specialty heads that are sometimes wanted in tables.
%
%    \cutinhead{TEXT}
%    \sidehead{TEXT}

\def\cutinhead#1{\noalign{\vskip 1.5ex}
    \hline\pt@nl\noalign{\vskip -4ex}
    \multicolumn{\pt@ncol}{c}{#1}\pt@nl
    \noalign{\vskip .8ex}
    \hline\pt@nl\noalign{\vskip -2ex}}

\def\sidehead#1{\noalign{\vskip 1.5ex}
    \multicolumn{\pt@ncol}{@{\hskip\z@}l}{#1}\pt@nl
    \noalign{\vskip .5ex}}

\def\set@tblnotetext{\def\tablenotetext##1##2{{%
    \@temptokena={\vspace{0ex}{%
    \parbox{\pt@width}{\hskip1em$^{\rm ##1}$##2}\par}}%
    \@temptokenb=\expandafter{\tblnote@list}
    \xdef\tblnote@list{\the\@temptokenb\the\@temptokena}}}}

\def\spew@ptblnotes{
  \ifx\tblnote@list\@empty\relax
  \else
    \par
    \vspace{2ex}
    {\tblnote@list}
    \gdef\tblnote@list{}
  \fi}

% Special kinds of table footnotes.  Sometimes authors tabulate things
% which have corresponding references, and it may be desirable to associate
% these references with the table rather than (or in addition to) the
% formal reference list.  Occasionally, authors wish to append a short
% paragraph of explanatory notes that pertain to the entire table, but
% which are different than the caption.
%
%    \tablerefs{REFERENCE LIST}
%    \tablecomments{TEXT}

\def\tablerefs#1{\@temptokena={\vspace*{3ex}{%
    \parbox{\pt@width}{\hskip1em\rm References. --- #1}\par}}%
    \@temptokenb=\expandafter{\tblnote@list}
    \xdef\tblnote@list{\the\@temptokenb\the\@temptokena}}

\def\tablecomments#1{\@temptokena={\vspace*{3ex}{%
    \parbox{\pt@width}{\hskip1em\rm Note. --- #1}\par}}%
    \@temptokenb=\expandafter{\tblnote@list}
    \xdef\tblnote@list{\the\@temptokenb\the\@temptokena}}

% Figure and table style parameters.

\def\thefigure{\@arabic\c@figure}
\def\fnum@figure{{\rm Fig.\space\thefigure.---}}

\def\thetable{\@arabic\c@table}
\def\fnum@table{{\rm Table \thetable:}}

% Figure and table float positions.

\def\fps@figure{bp}
\def\fps@table{bp}

%  ****************************************
%  *           EPS INCLUSIONS             *
%  ****************************************

% Include Rokicki's epsf.tex file explicitly.

\@ifundefined{epsfbox}{\@input{epsf.tex}}{\relax}

% Simplified EPS inclusion macros so we can see how this goes...
% These are layered on Rokicki's dvips material, and are dependent
% on the author's use of that DVI driver.
%
%    \plotone{EPSFILE}
%    \plottwo{EPSFILE}{EPSFILE}
%    \plotfiddle{EPSFILE}{VSIZE}{ROT}{HSF}{VSF}{HTRANS}{VTRANS}
%
% \plotone inserts the plot in a space that is \columnwidth wide; the
% plot is scaled so the horizontal dimension fits in the text width,
% and the vertical dimension is scaled to maintain the aspect ratio.
% \plottwo inserts two plots next to each other in one \columnwidth,
% sort of like "two-up" mode.
%
%    EPSFILE    name of file with EPS
%
% The following arguments are for the \plotfiddle macro which formats
% the \special itself, prepares vspace, etc.  This completely bypasses
% Rokicki's macros that attempt to rationalize the EPS BoundingBox with
% the LaTeX page dimensions.
%
%    VSIZE      vertical white space to allow for plot
%    ROT        rotation angle
%    HSF        horiz scale factor
%    VSF        vert scale factor
%    HTRANS     horiz translation
%    VTRANS     vert translation

%\epsfverbosetrue

\def\eps@scaling{.95}
\def\epsscale#1{\gdef\eps@scaling{#1}}
 
 \def\plotone#1{\centering \leavevmode
     \epsfxsize=\eps@scaling\columnwidth \epsfbox{#1}}

\def\plottwo#1#2{\centering \leavevmode
    \epsfxsize=.45\columnwidth \epsfbox{#1} \hfil
    \epsfxsize=.45\columnwidth \epsfbox{#2}}

\def\plotfiddle#1#2#3#4#5#6#7{\centering \leavevmode
    \vbox to#2{\rule{0pt}{#2}}
    \special{psfile=#1 voffset=#7 hoffset=#6 vscale=#5 hscale=#4 angle=#3}}

%\@input{abbrevs.sty}

%  ****************************************
%  *            ABBREVIATIONS             *
%  ****************************************

% Abbreviations for journals.  The object here is to provide authors
% with convenient shorthands for the most "popular" (often-cited)
% journals; the author can use these markup tags without being concerned
% about the exact form of the journal abbreviation, or its formatting.
% It is up to the keeper of the macros to make sure the macros expand
% to the proper text.  If macro package writers agree to all use the
% same TeX command name, authors only have to remember one thing, and
% the style file will take care of editorial preferences.  This also
% applies when a single journal decides to revamp its abbreviating
% scheme, as happened with the ApJ (Abt 1991).

\let\jnl@style=\rm
\def\ref@jnl#1{{\jnl@style#1}}

\def\aj{\ref@jnl{AJ}}			% Astronomical Journal
\def\araa{\ref@jnl{ARA\&A}}		% Annual Review of Astron and Astrophys
\def\apj{\ref@jnl{ApJ}}			% Astrophysical Journal
\def\apjl{\ref@jnl{ApJ}}		% Astrophysical Journal, Letters
\def\apjs{\ref@jnl{ApJS}}		% Astrophysical Journal, Supplement
\def\ao{\ref@jnl{Appl.Optics}}		% Applied Optics
\def\apss{\ref@jnl{Ap\&SS}}		% Astrophysics and Space Science
\def\aap{\ref@jnl{A\&A}}		% Astronomy and Astrophysics
\def\aapr{\ref@jnl{A\&A~Rev.}}		% Astronomy and Astrophysics Reviews
\def\aaps{\ref@jnl{A\&AS}}		% Astronomy and Astrophysics, Supplement
\def\azh{\ref@jnl{AZh}}			% Astronomicheskii Zhurnal
\def\baas{\ref@jnl{BAAS}}		% Bulletin of the AAS
\def\jrasc{\ref@jnl{JRASC}}		% Journal of the RAS of Canada
\def\memras{\ref@jnl{MmRAS}}		% Memoirs of the RAS
\def\mnras{\ref@jnl{MNRAS}}		% Monthly Notices of the RAS
\def\pra{\ref@jnl{Phys.Rev.A}}		% Physical Review A: General Physics
\def\prb{\ref@jnl{Phys.Rev.B}}		% Physical Review B: Solid State
\def\prc{\ref@jnl{Phys.Rev.C}}		% Physical Review C
\def\prd{\ref@jnl{Phys.Rev.D}}		% Physical Review D
\def\pre{\ref@jnl{Phys.~Rev.~E}} 
\def\prl{\ref@jnl{Phys.Rev.Lett}}	% Physical Review Letters
\def\pasp{\ref@jnl{PASP}}		% Publications of the ASP
\def\pasj{\ref@jnl{PASJ}}		% Publications of the ASJ
\def\qjras{\ref@jnl{QJRAS}}		% Quarterly Journal of the RAS
\def\skytel{\ref@jnl{S\&T}}		% Sky and Telescope
\def\solphys{\ref@jnl{Solar~Phys.}}	% Solar Physics
\def\sovast{\ref@jnl{Soviet~Ast.}}	% Soviet Astronomy
\def\ssr{\ref@jnl{Space~Sci.Rev.}}	% Space Science Reviews
\def\zap{\ref@jnl{ZAp}}			% Zeitschrift fuer Astrophysik
\def\nat{\ref@jnl{Nature}}
\def\iaucirc{\ref@jnl{IAU~Circ.}}
\def\aplett{\ref@jnl{Astrophys.~Lett.}}
\def\apspr{\ref@jnl{Astrophys.~Space~Phys.~Res.}}
\def\bain{\ref@jnl{Bull.~Astron.~Inst.~Netherlands}}
\def\fcp{\ref@jnl{Fund.~Cosmic~Phys.}}
\def\gca{\ref@jnl{Geochim.~Cosmochim.~Acta}}
\def\grl{\ref@jnl{Geophys.~Res.~Lett.}}
\def\jcp{\ref@jnl{J.~Chem.~Phys.}}
\def\jgr{\ref@jnl{J.~Geophys.~Res.}}
\def\jqsrt{\ref@jnl{J.~Quant.~Spec.~Radiat.~Transf.}}
\def\memsai{\ref@jnl{Mem.~Soc.~Astron.~Italiana}}
\def\nphysa{\ref@jnl{Nucl.~Phys.~A}}
\def\physrep{\ref@jnl{Phys.~Rep.}}
\def\physscr{\ref@jnl{Phys.~Scr.}}
\def\planss{\ref@jnl{Planet.~Space~Sci.}}
\def\procspie{\ref@jnl{Proc.~SPIE}}
\def\icarus{\ref@jnl{Icarus}}
\def\rma{\ref@jnl{Revista Mexicana de Astronom\'ia y Astrof\'isica
     (Serie de Conferencias)}}

\let\astap=\aap
\let\apjlett=\apjl
\let\apjsupp=\apjs
\let\applopt=\ao

%\@input{misc.sty}

%  ****************************************
%  *            MISCELLANEOUS             *
%  ****************************************

% Handy little things everybody works out for themselves anyway.  Many
% of these come from Springer's A&A package, and some were contributed
% by Francois Schweizer at DTM.  You can go berserk making these up,
% especially when you start getting into the composite ones.  We have
% tried to select a tractable number that were useful, and somewhat
% difficult to get right because fussy kerning or some such is required.
% Most can be used in or out of math mode with impunity; \alt and \agt
% are relations and can only be used in math mode.

\def\deg{\hbox{$^\circ$}}
\def\sun{\hbox{$\odot$}}
\def\earth{\hbox{$\oplus$}}
\def\lesssim{\mathrel{\hbox{\rlap{\hbox{\lower4pt\hbox{$\sim$}}}\hbox{$<$}}}}
\def\gtrsim{\mathrel{\hbox{\rlap{\hbox{\lower4pt\hbox{$\sim$}}}\hbox{$>$}}}}
\def\sq{\hbox{\rlap{$\sqcap$}$\sqcup$}}
\def\arcdeg{\hbox{$^\circ$}} 
\def\arcmin{\hbox{$^\prime$}}
\def\arcsec{\hbox{$^{\prime\prime}$}}
\def\fd{\hbox{$.\!\!^{\rm d}$}}
\def\fh{\hbox{$.\!\!^{\rm h}$}}
\def\fm{\hbox{$.\!\!^{\rm m}$}}
\def\fs{\hbox{$.\!\!^{\rm s}$}}
\def\fdg{\hbox{$.\!\!^\circ$}}
\def\farcm{\hbox{$.\mkern-4mu^\prime$}}
\def\farcs{\hbox{$.\!\!^{\prime\prime}$}}
\def\fp{\hbox{$.\!\!^{\scriptscriptstyle\rm p}$}}
\def\micron{\hbox{$\mu$m}}

\let\la=\lesssim			% For Springer A&A compliance...
\let\alt=\lessim
\let\ga=\gtrsim
\let\agt=\gtrsim

%Phantom commands are not explained in the baas manuscript
%instructions but they are included here to be consistent 
%with AASTeX styles.

\def\phn{\phantom{0}}
\def\phd{\phantom{.}}
\def\phs{\phantom{$-$}}
\def\phm#1{\phantom{#1}}

% Permit author to typeset "case" fractions.  This is sometimes
% wanted in displayed equations, during which LaTeX will set fractions
% specified as \frac{x}{y} as "built-up" fractions (numerator and
% denominator at body text size).

\def\case#1#2{\hbox{$\frac{#1}{#2}$}}

% Permit author to typeset fractions set with solidus where the size
% is reduced and the numerals are oriented diagonally.  Note that this
% is different from a "shilled" fraction, which the author can produce
% without any special formatting markup.  Define markup shorthands for
% several common fractions using solidus.

\def\slantfrac#1#2{\hbox{$\,^#1\!/_#2$}}
\def\onehalf{\slantfrac{1}{2}}
\def\onethird{\slantfrac{1}{3}}
\def\twothirds{\slantfrac{2}{3}}
\def\onequarter{\slantfrac{1}{4}}
\def\threequarters{\slantfrac{3}{4}}

\def\ubvr{\hbox{$U\!BV\!R$}}		% UBVR system
\def\ub{\hbox{$U\!-\!B$}}		% U-B
\def\bv{\hbox{$B\!-\!V$}}		% B-V
\def\vr{\hbox{$V\!-\!R$}}		% V-R
\def\ur{\hbox{$U\!-\!R$}}		% U-R

% Notation for atomic species (ionization levels).  The ionization state
% is specified as the second argument, and should be given as a numeral.
% The macro has to expand the numeric state into the proper notation for
% the publication (roman, numeric, plus signs, etc.)
%
%    \ion{ELEMENT}{IONIZATION STATE}

\def\ion#1#2{#1$\;${\small\rm\@Roman{#2}}\relax}

% Centered ellipsis for use in tables (for unknown values).  \nodata
% is generalized markup for this notion: format of null-valued entries
% in tables is style-specific.

%\def\cellipsis{\hfill$\cdots$\hfill}
\def\nodata{\multicolumn{1}{c}{$\cdots$}}

% This is a generalization of the \LaTeX definition that comes in LaTeX.
% The change here ensures that LaTeX will be typeset in the current style,
% rather than always in roman.

\newcount\lecurrentfam
\def\LaTeX{\lecurrentfam=\the\fam \leavevmode L\raise.42ex
        \hbox{$\fam\lecurrentfam\scriptstyle\kern-.3em A$}\kern-.15em\TeX}

%  ****************************************
%  *              DEBUGGING               *
%  ****************************************

\def\sizrpt{
    (\fontname\the\font): em=\the\fontdimen6\font, ex=\the\fontdimen5\font
    \typeout{
    (\fontname\the\font): em=\the\fontdimen6\font, ex=\the\fontdimen5\font
}}
